In this week’s lecture, we can begin to understand the importance of innovation

QUESTION

Week 7:
Read Chapter
19 and 20

In
this week’s lecture, we can begin to understand the importance of innovation.
There are many aspects of science and technology that we’ve used to enhance
our ability to be more efficient in many aspects of our businesses. In
healthcare industry, we are now able to operate on patients to remove
cancerous tumors that may be otherwise deadly. Sound technology, right? In
construction industry, we’re able to now build houses in less than a month
with treated cement, concrete and steel reinforcements. Sound technology,
right? In law enforcement, we’re able to track DNA sample of “perps” in order
to be more accurate during convictions, etc.
In
transportation and logistics, we’re now able to avoid unnecessary wastes of time
in traffic congestions. We also able to plot and plan our infrastructures
well in advance so that these delays are better controlled. So the use of GPS
satellites has yielded GIS system. Be careful with your definitions. GPS
(global positioning satellites) use triangulated data to pinpoint location of
any data “X”. There were 6 low earth orbiting satellites in the 1990s that
were used for this purpose until NASA introduced their “selective
availability” so that enemy forces can’t find some sensitive locations in the
US (Parkinson, 1996). Today, there are about 30 of them (NAVSTAR) and people
can use them for fishing, skiing, jogging, driving hiking etc – eg Garmin®.
However GIS uses non-real-time data to represent man-made facilities. You
can’t quite call it a map, and you can’t quite call it a tracking sensor. The
system simply denotes objects both on the surface of the earth and underneath
as well. Now that you have these information, why would it be a great asset
for our troops to have GIS capability as opposed to GPS? Think logistics.
GIS
is also used in engineering to show buried public utility lines like
electrical lines, water lines, sewer lines, fiber optics lines, phone/data
communication lines, gas lines (abandoned and active), storm water lines,
roads, facilities etc. The idea is to graphically represent these utilities
and facilities (aka “as-built” drawings) so that programming and planning of
future constructions is embedded and/or recorded. Some of the advantages of
GIS system include the fact that dig permits can be issued to potential
workers and construction mangers prior to start of work in their respective
areas. That way, workers are not electrocuted if they cut a live high voltage
cables. Also it helps to prevent damages to waterlines that could flood the
city or cut off a section of water users etc. Now can you name three
disadvantages of GIS?
I
don’t know if you’ve noticed: but when you’re driving on a highway, sometimes
under the bridge, you could see a black cable that runs across the road, from
one side to the other. That cable is used by DoT to track the number of
passes a road can sustain before repair and maintenance will be required.
Also in GIS system, these data are usually transcribed to forecast future
traffic patterns in a designated trunk or roadway. Today, these information
are used by GPS systems in our cars to predict traffic congestions so drivers
can avoid certain roads if they were in a hurry. Can you tell me what else
these GIS information can predict?
Consequently,
in other aspects of trade and logistics, there are efforts we have made to
streamline trade agreements, check our economic downfall (stimulus) and
protect our national parks and forests. This week, we need to pay attention
to some real-time current affairs to see how far we’ve come and how far we’ll
be going in terms of transportation logistics technology and innovation.

This
is the forum post instructions, minimum 250 word: This is due by Thursday:

Topic
1 – GIS
What
is GIS and how is it related to Transportation Economics? What can GIS do to
help transportation economists to save money? What impact might GIS have on
future projects in transportation?

Is
on chapter 19 of the same book of the last one.
Sinha, K. C., & Labi, S.
(2008). Transportation decision making, principles of project evaluation
and programming. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley.

Part 2:
Assignment
Instructions: Due Saturday.
Please upload a Word document using APA format for this
assignment (see attached for the template). Where applicable, you must show
your derivations, analysis and how you obtained the responses/answers. Use
title page, in-text citations, references, appropriate font size, double
spaces, etc where appropriate. The assignment will be graded for content, APA
formatting, met deadlines for submission. See the following rubric below.

Rubric
Category

Point
Val. Your Points

Paper
meets the specified pages or word length, demonstrates thorough understanding
of the reading assignment, reflects critical thought, and relates to course
content and/or industry applications.
Length required _ 5-7 pages____, __ pages___ turned in.

20

Ideas
and concepts are supported through resources and/or personal experiences.
Work exhibits truthful and verifiable statements and mathematical formulae
and derivations used where applicable.

40

Posts
are free of writing errors (syntax, grammar, etc.)
Try to
avoid using needless fillers i.e. that. I did not count those as errors this
time. Also, free of APA format errors.
___ Errors – 1-4 =.9 5-7= .8, 8-10= .7, 11-12= .6, 13-14= .5,
15-17= .4, 18= .3, 19= .2, 20= .1, 21 or more 0.

40

Total

100

1- Today’s urban transportation planning process is being
impacted by the President’s Stimulus Plan. High speed rail is one such option
to congestion along the highways of urban areas. These projects have two sides
to them. There are those who support high speed rail and those who do not
support high speed rail. You have been chosen to not support the Stimulus Plan
for use of high speed rail to ease congestion. Your task is to help decision
makers make up their minds. So, you are now on the opposing side. Discuss how
this Stimulus Plan for high speed rail will not work. You can use any
reference. But, you must also present your opinion based on facts and data, not
just because you don’t like it. You will have to provide evidence to back up
what you believe is a bad idea. (25 points)

2- Most (97 percent) roads and streets in the United
States are under the jurisdiction of State and local governments. The Federal
jurisdiction is mainly limited to National Parks, National Forests, and other
government-owned land. Discuss what issues and problems might be common between
the Federal jurisdiction and the State and Local governments, and what issues
and problems might be unique to the Federal government compared to the State
and local governments. List the common and unique attributes and provide a
brief explanation to support your choice. Use references in APA format and also
offer your own opinion on what you think of these issues and problems. (25
points)
3- The North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect on January 1, 1994. This sweeping
agreement is designed to open the borders separating Canada, Mexico, and the
United States to the free exchange of goods and services. There are many pros
and cons of NAFTA that have emerged since 1994. The future of NAFTA is in the
wind these days. It may fail or succeed for the next ten years. You job is to
help Congress and other decision makers to decide what course of action they
should take regarding NAFTA’s future. You are to take the side that NAFTA is a
bad business investment; you are to represent the “con” side of the argument.
So, discuss why you would defeat or destroy NAFTA or morph it from its current
state to some other new state. (25 points)

4- In early 1990s with a second wave of low-cost carriers
(LCCs), which led to the second period of strong traffic growth from early 1993
through early 2000, Southwest Airlines arguably provided the blueprint for U.S.
Between 2006 and 2009 a fuel crisis happened and a recession for business and
the transportation industry. What is the impact today on LCC’s in order to be
competitive in this economy coming on the heels of this recession? (25 points)

ANSWER:

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